Mixed Methods Study of Physical and Affective Self-Concept among Filipino Adolescents with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Abstract
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a rare hereditary condition that impact millions of women of reproductive age. Menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, acne, alopecia, obesity, and infertility are all symptoms of PCOS, which is caused by higher-than-normal androgen levels. Furthermore, menstrual irregularity is a prevalent symptom of PCOS and is frequently the first clinical manifestation in adolescents. This study identified the constructs of physical and affective self-concept to increasingly impact adolescents with PCOS as the negative implications of these clinical manifestations affect their perception and belief toward themselves which changes their self-concept or views about their physical self. Also, it impacts their affective self-concept that influences their feeling toward themselves. In this study, the Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction Program (MBSR) was facilitated online to increase the levels of Physical and Affective Self- Concept among sixteen adolescents who were diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome using sequential explanatory mixed method research design. Multidimensional Self-Concept Scale (MSCS) and individual interviews were incorporated in gathering the data. Results clearly proved that the physical and affective self-concept scores significantly differed before and after the facilitation of the MBSR as an intervention. This study confirmed that MBSR enhances the adolescents with PCOS' physical and affective self-concept. Themes that were generated before and after MBSR facilitation were analyzed using the thematic analysis which further established finding to address the dearth of studies about this topic and as a basis for the efficacy of MBSR.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdolahian, S., Tehrani, F. R., Amiri, M., Ghodsi, D., Yarandi, R. B., Jafari, M., . . . Nahidi, F. (2020). Effect of lifestyle modifications on anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical
parameters in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 20(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-020-00552-1
Adams, W. (2015). Conducting Semi-Structured Interviews. In. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171386.ch19
Albarracin, D., & Hart, W. (2011). Positive mood + action = negative mood + inaction: effects of general action and inaction concepts on decisions and performance as a function of
affect. Emotion (Washington, D.C.), 11(4), 951-957. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024130
Annagür, B. B., Tazegül, A., & Akbaba, N. (2014). Body Image, Self-Esteem and Depressive Symptomatology in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Noro psikiyatri arsivi, 51(2),
-132. https://doi.org/10.4274/npa.y6778
Archibald, M. M., Ambagtsheer, R. C., Casey, M. G., & Lawless, M. J. I. J. o. Q. M. (2019). Using Zoom videoconferencing for qualitative data collection: perceptions and experiences of
researchers and participants. 18, 1609406919874596.
Azziz, R., Carmina, E., Chen, Z., Dunaif, A., Laven, J. S. E., Legro, R. S., . . . Yildiz, B. O. (2016). Polycystic ovary syndrome. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2(1), 16057.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.57
Baker, L., Gringart, E. J. A., & Society. (2009). Body image and self-esteem in older adulthood. 29(6), 977.
Barber, T. M., Hanson, P., Weickert, M. O., & Franks, S. (2019). Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Implications for Pathogenesis and Novel Management Strategies. Clinical
Medicine Insights: Reproductive Health, 13, 1179558119874042. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179558119874042
Barrows, K., & Jacobs, B. (2002). Mind-body medicine - An introduction and review of the literature. The Medical clinics of North America, 86, 11-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-
(03)00069-5
Barthelmess, E. K., & Naz, R. K. (2014). Polycystic ovary syndrome: current status and future perspective. Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition), 6, 104-119. https://doi.org/10.2741/e695
Benson, S., Arck, P., Tan, S., Hahn, S., Mann, K., Rifaie, N., . . . Elsenbruch, S. (2009). Disturbed stress responses in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34, 727-735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.12.001
Benson, S., Hahn, S., Tan, S., Janssen, O. E., Schedlowski, M., & Elsenbruch, S. (2010). Maladaptive coping with illness in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Obstet Gynecol
Neonatal Nurs, 39(1), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2009.01086.x
Berry, M. D. (2018a). Business of Health. Business of Healthcare. Issue Brief Health Policy Track Serv, 2018, 1-60.
Berry, M. D. (2018b). Healthcare Reform. Enforcement and Compliance. Issue Brief Health Policy Track Serv, 2018, 1-38.
Bhargav, H. (2013). Yoga for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Alternative and Complementary Therapies, 19, 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1089/act.2013.19205.
Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., . . . practice. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. 11(3), 230-241.
Boyle, J., & Teede, H. J. (2012). Polycystic ovary syndrome - an update. Aust Fam Physician, 41(10), 752-756.
Bracken, B. A., & Pro, E. (1992). MSCS : Multidimensional Self Concept Scale. Pro-Ed.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Bronstein, J., Tawdekar, S., Liu, Y., Pawelczak, M., David, R., & Shah, B. (2011). Age of Onset of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Girls May Be Earlier Than Previously Thought. Journal of
pediatric and adolescent gynecology, 24, 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2010.06.003
Buggs, C., & Rosenfield, R. L. (2005). Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence. Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America, 34(3), 677-x.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2005.04.005
Chaudhari, A. P., Mazumdar, K., & Mehta, P. D. (2018). Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Indian journal of psychological medicine,
(3), 239-246. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_561_17
Cookson, L. (2015). Differences between feelings, emotions and desires in terms of interactive quality. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 2.
https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.27.1318
Creswell, J. (2009). Research Design : Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches / J.W. Creswell.
Daniels, N., Gillen, P., Casson, K., & Wilson, I. J. I. J. o. Q. M. (2019). STEER: Factors to Consider When Designing Online Focus Groups Using Audiovisual Technology in Health Research.
, 1609406919885786.
de Niet, J. E., de Koning, C. M., Pastoor, H., Duivenvoorden, H. J., Valkenburg, O., Ramakers, M. J., . . . Laven, J. S. (2010a). Psychological well-being and sexarche in women with
polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod, 25(6), 1497-1503. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deq068
de Niet, J. E., de Koning, C. M., Pastoor, H., Duivenvoorden, H. J., Valkenburg, O., Ramakers, M. J., . . . Laven, J. S. E. (2010b). Psychological well-being and sexarche in women with
polycystic ovary syndrome. Human Reproduction, 25(6), 1497-1503. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deq068
Deeks, A. A., Gibson-Helm, M. E., Paul, E., & Teede, H. J. (2011). Is having polycystic ovary syndrome a predictor of poor psychological function including anxiety and depression? Hum
Reprod, 26(6), 1399-1407. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/der071
Demarrais, K. (2004). Qualitative interview studies: Learning through experience. Foundations for Research Methods of Inquiry in Education and the Social Sciences, 51-68.
Domecq, J. P., Prutsky, G., Mullan, R., Hazem, A., Sundaresh, V., Elamin, M., . . . Murad, M. (2013a). Lifestyle Modification Programs in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Systematic Review
and Meta-Analysis. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 98. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-2385
Domecq, J. P., Prutsky, G., Mullan, R. J., Hazem, A., Sundaresh, V., Elamin, M. B., . . . Murad, M. H. (2013b). Lifestyle Modification Programs in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Systematic
Review and Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 98(12), 4655-4663. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-2385
Eggers, S., & Kirchengast, S. (2001). The polycystic ovary syndrome--a medical condition but also an important psychosocial problem. Coll Antropol, 25(2), 673-685.
Eisenberg, D. M., Davis, R. B., Ettner, S. L., Appel, S., Wilkey, S., Van Rompay, M., & Kessler, R. C. (1998). Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997: results of a
follow-up national survey. Jama, 280(18), 1569-1575. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.280.18.1569
El Hayek, S., Bitar, L., Hamdar, L. H., Mirza, F. G., & Daoud, G. (2016). Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome: An Updated Overview. Frontiers in physiology, 7, 124-124.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00124
Eleftheriadou, M., Stefanidis, K., Lykeridou, K., Iliadis, I., & Michala, L. (2015). Dietary habits in adolescent girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Gynecological Endocrinology, 31(4),
-271. https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2014.984677
Elsenbruch, S., Benson, S., Hahn, S., Tan, S., Mann, K., Pleger, K., . . . Janssen, O. E. (2006). Determinants of emotional distress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Human
Reproduction, 21(4), 1092-1099. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dei409
Emavardhana, T., & Tori, C. D. (1997). Changes in Self-Concept, Ego Defense Mechanisms, and Religiosity Following Seven-Day Vipassana Meditation Retreats. Journal for the
Scientific Study of Religion, 36(2), 194-206. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387552
Gill, H., Tiwari, P., & Dabadghao, P. (2012). Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in young women from North India: A Community-based study. Indian journal of endocrinology
and metabolism, 16(Suppl 2), S389-S392. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.104104
Grossman Barr, N. (2010). Managing adverse effects of hormonal contraceptives. Am Fam Physician, 82(12), 1499-1506.
Himelein, M. J., & Thatcher, S. S. (2006). Depression and body image among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Health Psychol, 11(4), 613-625.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105306065021
Hölzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2011). How Does Mindfulness Meditation Work? Proposing Mechanisms of Action From a Conceptual
and Neural Perspective. Perspect Psychol Sci, 6(6), 537-559. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611419671
Ibáñez, L., Dimartino-Nardi, J., Potau, N., & Saenger, P. (2000). Premature adrenarche--normal variant or forerunner of adult disease? Endocr Rev, 21(6), 671-696.
https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv.21.6.0416
Janghorban, R., Roudsari, R. L., & Taghipour, A. (2014). Skype interviewing: The new generation of online synchronous interview in qualitative research. International Journal of
Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 9(1), 24152. https://doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v9.24152
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2009). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. Hachette Books.
Kamboj, M. K., & Bonny, A. E. (2017). Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence: diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Translational pediatrics, 6(4), 248-255.
https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2017.09.11
Kels, C. G., & Kels, L. H. (2018). Potential Harms of HIPAA. Jama, 320(22), 2378-2379. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.17183
Kite, J., & Phongsavan, P. J. F. (2017). Insights for conducting real-time focus groups online using a web conferencing service. 6.
Kitzinger, C., & Willmott, J. (2002). 'The thief of womanhood': women's experience of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Soc Sci Med, 54(3), 349-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-
(01)00034-x
Kitzinger, C., Willmott, J. J. S. s., & medicine. (2002). ‘The thief of womanhood’: women's experience of polycystic ovarian syndrome. 54(3), 349-361.
Kozica, S., Gibson-Helm, M., Teede, H., & Moran, L. (2013). Assessing Self-efficacy and Self-help Methods in Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Behav Med, 39, 90-
https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2012.720312
Kozica, S. L., Gibson-Helm, M. E., Teede, H. J., & Moran, L. J. (2013). Assessing self-efficacy and self-help methods in women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Behav Med,
(3), 90-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2012.720312
Kraut, R., Olson, J., Banaji, M., Bruckman, A., Cohen, J., & Couper, M. J. A. p. (2004). Psychological research online: report of Board of Scientific Affairs' Advisory Group on the
Conduct of Research on the Internet. 59(2), 105.
Lachowicz-Tabaczek, K., & Śniecińska, J. (2011). Self-concept and self-esteem: How the content of the self-concept reveals sources and functions of self-esteem. Polish Psychological
Bulletin, 42, 24-35. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10059-011-0005-y
Lam, J. S., Simpson, B. K., & Lau, F. H. (2019). Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Noncompliance in Patient Photograph Management in Plastic Surgery. Ann Plast
Surg, 82(5), 486-492. https://doi.org/10.1097/sap.0000000000001760
Lanzo, E., Monge, M., & Trent, M. (2015). Diagnosis and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescent Girls. Pediatric annals, 44(9), e223-e230.
https://doi.org/10.3928/00904481-20150910-10
Legro, R. S. (2012). Obesity and PCOS: implications for diagnosis and treatment. Seminars in reproductive medicine, 30(6), 496-506. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1328878
Liao, L. M., Nesic, J., Chadwick, P. M., Brooke-Wavell, K., & Prelevic, G. M. (2008). Exercise and body image distress in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome:
a pilot investigation. Gynecol Endocrinol, 24(10), 555-561. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590802288226
Lobe, B. (2017). Best Practices for Synchronous Online Focus Groups. In A New Era in Focus Group Research (pp. 227-250). Springer.
Lobe, B., Morgan, D., & Hoffman, K. A. (2020). Qualitative Data Collection in an Era of Social Distancing. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1609406920937875.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920937875
Louwers, Y. V., & Laven, J. S. E. (2020). Characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome throughout life. Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health, 14, 2633494120911038.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2633494120911038
Luberto, C. M., Hall, D. L., Park, E. R., Haramati, A., & Cotton, S. (2020). A Perspective on the Similarities and Differences Between Mindfulness and Relaxation. Global advances in
health and medicine, 9, 2164956120905597-2164956120905597. https://doi.org/10.1177/2164956120905597
Matthews, K. L., Baird, M., & Duchesne, G. J. Q. h. r. (2018). Using online meeting software to facilitate geographically dispersed focus groups for health workforce research. 28(10),
-1628.
McClure, M. T. (1916). Perception and Thinking. The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, 13(13), 345-354. https://doi.org/10.2307/2012310
McMahon, S. A., & Winch, P. J. (2018). Systematic debriefing after qualitative encounters: an essential analysis step in applied qualitative research. BMJ Global Health, 3(5), e000837.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000837
McManus, S., Levitsky, L., & Misra, M. (2013). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Clinical Presentation in Normal-Weight Compared with Overweight Adolescents. Endocrine practice : official
journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 19, 471-478. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP12235.OR
Moran, L., Hutchison, S., Norman, R., & Teede, H. (2011). Lifestyle changes in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online), 2,
CD007506. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007506.pub2
Moreira, S. N., & Azevedo, G. D. J. H. R. (2006). Incorporating qualitative approaches is the path to adequate understanding of the psychosocial impact of polycystic ovary syndrome.
(10), 2723-2724.
Neyestanak, S., Heydari, M., Hoseini, A. F., Ghodusi Borujeni, M., & Seyedfatemi, N. J. I. J. o. N. (2012). Self esteem and its associated factors in patients with multiple sclerosis. 25(78).
Nezlek, J. B., & Plesko, R. M. (2001). Day-to-Day Relationships among Self-Concept Clarity, Self-Esteem, Daily Events, and Mood. 27(2), 201-211.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201272006
Nidhi, R., Padmalatha, V., Nagarathna, R., & Amritanshu, R. (2012). Effect of holistic yoga program on anxiety symptoms in adolescent girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A
randomized control trial. International journal of yoga, 5(2), 112-117. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6131.98223
Niet, J. E., Pastoor, H., Timman, R., & Laven, J. (2012). Psycho-Social and Sexual Well-Being in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. In. https://doi.org/10.5772/28357
Norman, R. J., Davies, M. J., Lord, J., & Moran, L. J. (2002). The role of lifestyle modification in polycystic ovary syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metab, 13(6), 251-257.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1043-2760(02)00612-4
Nystul, M. S., & Garde, M. (1977). Comparison of self-concepts of transcendental meditators and nonmeditators. Psychol Rep, 41(1), 303-306. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1977.41.1.303
Ollila, M. M., Piltonen, T., Puukka, K., Ruokonen, A., Järvelin, M. R., Tapanainen, J. S., . . . Morin-Papunen, L. (2016). Weight Gain and Dyslipidemia in Early Adulthood Associate With
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 101(2), 739-747. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-3543
Orzech, K. M., Shapiro, S. L., Brown, K. W., & McKay, M. (2009). Intensive mindfulness training-related changes in cognitive and emotional experience. The Journal of Positive
Psychology, 4(3), 212-222. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760902819394
Pajares, F., & Schunk, D. J. N. F. f. S.-R., March H. Craven R, McInerney D . Greenwich, CT: IAP. (2005). Self-efficacy and self-concept beliefs.
Peña, A. S., Witchel, S. F., Hoeger, K. M., Oberfield, S. E., Vogiatzi, M. G., Misso, M., . . . Teede, H. (2020). Adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome according to the international
evidence-based guideline. BMC Medicine, 18(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01516-x
Percy, C., & Murray, S. (2010). The role of an online peer-to-peer health community in addressing psychosocial concerns and social support in polycystic ovary syndrome. IJWBC, 6,
-361. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWBC.2010.035838
Podfigurna-Stopa, A., Luisi, S., Regini, C., Katulski, K., Centini, G., Meczekalski, B., & Petraglia, F. (2015). Mood disorders and quality of life in polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol
Endocrinol, 31, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2015.1009437
Qadri, S., Hussain, A., Bhat, M. H., & Baba, A. A. (2018). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Bipolar Affective Disorder: A Hospital-based Study. Indian journal of psychological medicine,
(2), 121-128. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_284_17
Ramezani Tehrani, F., & Amiri, M. (2019). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment. International journal of endocrinology and metabolism,
(3), e91554-e91554. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.91554
Reynolds, R. A., Stack, L. B., & Bonfield, C. M. (2019). Medical photography with a mobile phone: useful techniques, and what neurosurgeons need to know about HIPAA compliance.
J Neurosurg, 132(1), 260-264. https://doi.org/10.3171/2018.8.Jns182075
Roe, A. H., & Dokras, A. (2011). The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. Reviews in obstetrics & gynecology, 4(2), 45-51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22102927
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3218544/
Rosenberg, M. (2015). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton university press.
Rosenfield, R. L. (2015). The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents. Pediatrics, 136(6), 1154. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-1430
Russell, D., & Taylor, J. (2009). Living alone and depressive symptoms: the influence of gender, physical disability, and social support among Hispanic and non-Hispanic older adults. J
Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 64(1), 95-104. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbn002
Sam, S. (2007). Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Obesity management, 3(2), 69-73. https://doi.org/10.1089/obe.2007.0019
Sanchez, N. (2014). A life course perspective on polycystic ovary syndrome. International journal of women's health, 6, 115-122. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S55748
Sanchez, N., & Jones, H. (2016). “Less Than A Wife”: A Study of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Content in Teen and Women’s Digital Magazines. J Med Internet Res, 18(6), e89.
https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5417
Sears, R. W., Tirch, D. D., & Denton, R. B. (2011). Mindfulness in clinical practice. Professional Resource Press/Professional Resource Exchange.
Seymour, W. S. J. Q. R. (2001). In the flesh or online? Exploring qualitative research methodologies. 1(2), 147-168.
Subedi, D. (2016). Explanatory Sequential Mixed Method Design as the Third Research Community of Knowledge Claim. American Journal of Educational Research, 4, 570-577.
https://doi.org/10.12691/education-4-7-10
Sullivan, J. (2012). Skype: An appropriate method of data collection for qualitative interviews? The Hilltop Review, 6: 54–60. In.
Tan, J., Wang, Q.-Y., Feng, G.-M., Li, X.-Y., & Huang, W. (2017). Increased Risk of Psychiatric Disorders in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Southwest China. Chinese medical
journal, 130(3), 262-266. https://doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.198916
Tang, Y.-Y., & Leve, L. D. (2016). A translational neuroscience perspective on mindfulness meditation as a prevention strategy. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 6(1), 63-72.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13142-015-0360-x
Turnbull, M. J., & Norris, H. J. B. J. o. P. (1982). Effects of Transcendental Meditation on self‐identity indices and personality. 73(1), 57-68.
van Delden, J. J., & van der Graaf, R. (2017). Revised CIOMS International Ethical Guidelines for Health-Related Research Involving Humans. Jama, 317(2), 135-136.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.18977
Weiner, C. L., Primeau, M., & Ehrmann, D. A. (2004). Androgens and mood dysfunction in women: comparison of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome to healthy controls.
Psychosom Med, 66(3), 356-362. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000127871.46309.fe
Williams, S., Sheffield, D., & Knibb, R. C. J. J. o. H. P. (2016). A snapshot of the lives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A photovoice investigation. 21(6), 1170-1182.
Witchel, S. F., Oberfield, S. E., & Peña, A. S. (2019). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Treatment With Emphasis on Adolescent Girls. Journal of the
Endocrine Society, 3(8), 1545-1573. https://doi.org/10.1210/js.2019-00078
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2020) Adolescence Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. https://www.britannica.com/science/adolescence
Aziz, Z., et al. (2015). "A systematic review of real-world diabetes prevention programs: learnings from the last 15 years." Implement Sci 10: 172.
Bracken, B. A. and E. Pro (1992). MSCS : Multidimensional Self Concept Scale. Austin, Tex., Pro-Ed.
Braun, V. and V. Clarke (2006). "Using thematic analysis in psychology." Qualitative Research in Psychology 3: 77-101.
Broderick, P. and S. Metz (2009). "Learning to BREATHE: A Pilot Trial of a Mindfulness Curriculum for Adolescents." Advances in School Mental Health Promotion 2: 35-46.
Davidson, L. and W. Heinrichs (2003). "Davidson LL, Heinrichs RW. Quantification of frontal and temporal lobe brain-imaging findings in schizophrenia: a metaanalysis. Psychiatry Res
Neuroimaging 122: 69-87." Psychiatry research 122: 69-87.
Gregoski, M., et al. (2011). "Breathing Awareness Meditation and LifeSkills Training Programs Influence Upon Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Sodium Excretion Among African
American Adolescents." The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine 48: 59-64.
Kuyken, W., et al. (2013). "Effectiveness of the Mindfulness in Schools Programme: Non-randomised controlled feasibility study." The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of
mental science 203.
Raja-Khan, N., et al. (2015). "Mindfulness-based stress reduction for overweight/obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome: design and methods of a pilot
randomized controlled trial." Contemporary clinical trials 41: 287-297.
Teede, H. J., et al. (2018). "Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome." Hum Reprod
(9): 1602-1618.
Wall, R. B. (2005). "Tai Chi and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in a Boston Public Middle School." Journal of Pediatric Health Care 19(4): 230-237.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24167/psidim.v23i1.11583
Print ISSN : 1411-6073 | online ISSN : 2579-6321 View My Stats
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.